INORGANIC CHLORIDES
1, Sodium Chloride (NaCl) – Common Salt
Production: Mined from salt deposits (rock salt) or obtained via seawater evaporation.
Applications: Food seasoning, water softening, chlorine production (via electrolysis).
2, Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)
Production: Direct synthesis: Byproduct of chlorination reactions (e.g., PVC production).
Applications: Production of vinyl chloride (PVC) and hydrochloric acid.
3, Calcium Chloride (CaCl₂)
Production: Byproduct of the Solvay process (soda ash production).
Applications: De-icing roads, desiccant, food preservative, concrete accelerator.
4, Aluminum Chloride (AlCl₃)
Production: Reaction of aluminum with chlorine gas.
Applications: Friedel-Crafts catalyst (alkylation, acylation), water treatment.
5, Ferric Chloride (FeCl₃)
Production: Chlorination of iron or as a byproduct of steel pickling.
Applications: Wastewater treatment (coagulant), PCB etching, dye manufacturing.
ORGANIC CHLORIDES
1, Vinyl Chloride (C₂H₃Cl) – PVC Precursor
Production: Ethylene dichloride (EDC) cracking:
Applications: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for pipes, cables, flooring.
2, Methylene Chloride (CH₂Cl₂) – Dichloromethane (DCM)
Production: Chlorination of methane.
Applications: Paint stripper, solvent in pharmaceuticals, aerosol propellant.
3, Chloroform (CHCl₃) – Trichloromethane
Production: Further chlorination of methane or DCM.
Applications: Solvent, anesthetic (historical use), refrigerant production.
4, Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄)
Production: Excess chlorination of methane.
Applications: Banned in many uses (ozone-depleting), formerly used in fire extinguishers.
5, Benzyl Chloride (C₇H₇Cl)
Production: Chlorination of toluene.
Applications: Production of benzyl alcohol, quaternary ammonium compounds (disinfectants).
6, Ethylene Dichloride (EDC, C₂H₄Cl₂)
Production: Direct chlorination or oxychlorination of ethylene.
Applications: Intermediate for vinyl chloride (PVC) production.
TYPICAL PROCESS
Chlorination is a key chemical process used to introduce chlorine atoms into organic and inorganic compounds.
Comparison of Chlorination MethodsE
.png)
SPECIALTY CHLORIDES
1, Titanium Tetrachloride (TiCl₄)
- Production:
- Chlorination of titanium dioxide (TiO₂).
- Applications:
- Production of titanium metal (Kroll process), TiO₂ pigments.
2, Silicon Tetrachloride (SiCl₄)
- Production:
- Chlorination of silicon or silica.
- Applications:
- Semiconductor industry, silicone polymers.
3, Phosphorus Trichloride (PCl₃) & Pentachloride (PCl₅)
- Production:
- Chlorination of white phosphorus.
- Applications:
- Agrochemicals (pesticides), flame retardants, pharmaceuticals.
EQUIPMENT SUPPLY
DOWNLOADS
Add paragraph text. Click “Edit Text” to update the font, size and more. To change and reuse text themes, go to Site Styles.
UREA TO AMMOUNIA
.png)
Add paragraph text. Click “Edit Text” to update the font, size and more. To change and reuse text themes, go to Site Styles.
WFF EVAPORATOR
.png)
Add paragraph text. Click “Edit Text” to update the font, size and more. To change and reuse text themes, go to Site Styles.